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A. Study this example situation:
Last year Jack and Jill spent their holidays by the sea. It rained a lot but they enjoyed themselves. You can say:
Although it rained a lot, they enjoyed themselves. (= It rained a lot but they ...)
In spite of the rain, they enjoyed themselves.
Despite the rain, they enjoyed themselves. |
B. After although we use a subject + verb:
Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday. I didn't get the job although I had all the necessary qualifications.
Compare the meaning of although and because:
We went out although it was raining.
We didn't go out because it was raining. |
C. After in spite of or despite, we use a noun, a pronoun (this/that/what etc.) or gerund (v-ing):
In spite of the rain, we enjoyed our holiday.
I didn't get the job in spite of having all the necessary qualifications.
She wasn't well, but in spite of this she went to work.
In spite of what I said yesterday, I still love you.
She wasn't well, but despite this she went to work.
Compare in spite of and because of:
We went out in spite of the rain. (or ... despite the rain.)
We didn't go out because of the rain. |
D. Compare although and in spite of / despite:
- Although the traffic was bad, I arrived on time. (not 'in spite of the traffic was bad')
In spite of the traffic , I arrived on time. (not 'in spite of the traffic was bad') - I couldn't sleep although I was very tired. (not 'despite I was tired')
I couldn't sleep despite being very tired. (not 'despite I was tired')
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E. Even though (but not 'even' alone) is a stronger form of although:
Even though I was really tired, I couldn't sleep. (not 'Even I was really tired ...') |
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1. Complete the sentences. Use although + a sentence from the box. No punctuation is needed.
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| I didn't speak the language | he has a very important job | I had never seen her before | we don't like them very much |
| it was quite cold | the heating was on | I'd met her twice before | we've known each other for a long time |
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0. |
, he isn't particularly well-paid. |
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1. |
, I recognised her from a photograph. |
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2. |
She wasn't wearing a coat .
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3. |
We thought we'd better invite them to the party
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4. |
, I managed to make myself understood.
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5. |
, the room wasn't warm.
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6. |
I didn't recognize her
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7. |
We're not very good friends
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2. Complete the sentences with although / in spite of / because / because of. Don't use any punctuation.
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0. |
it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday. |
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8. |
all our careful plans, a lot of things went wrong.
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9. |
we had planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong.
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10. |
I went home early I was feeling unwell.
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11. |
I went to work the next day I was still feeling unwell.
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12. |
She only accepted the job the salary, which was very high.
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13. |
She accepted the job the salary, which was rather low.
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14. |
I managed to get to sleep there was a lot of noise.
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15. |
I couldn't get to sleep the noise.
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3 Make one sentence from two. Do not use any punctuation.
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0. |
I couldn't sleep. I was tired.
(0) despite (00) . |
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a. |
They have very little money. They are happy.
In spite of (16) ,
(17) .
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b. |
My foot was injured. I managed to walk to the nearest village.
Although (18) ,
(19) .
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c. |
I enjoyed the film. The story was silly.
(20) in spite of
(21) .
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d. |
We live in the same street. We hardly ever see each other.
Despite (22) ,
(23) .
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e. |
I got very wet in the rain. I had an umbrella.
(24) even though
(25) .
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